vsftpd FTP服务器构建和使用

步骤

安装 sudo yum install vsftpd

查找安装位置 whereis vsftpd


展开代码
vsftpd: /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz

配置 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
- 关闭匿名登入
  
  anonymous_enable=NO
- 配置用户权限
  
  allow_writeable_chroot=YES
  
  reverse_lookup_enable=NO
  
  chroot_local_user=YES
- 具体见附录
重要：必须要把整个防火墙都关掉

才能正常登入，只打开21端口，用户无法登入，猜测应该是vsftpd需要更多的端口
- 查看防火墙状态
  
  systemctl status firewalld
  
  或者
  
  firewall-cmd --state
- 暂时关闭防火墙
  
  systemctl stop firewalld
- 如果有必要，可以把SElinux也关闭
  
  查看:
  
  /usr/sbin/sestatus -v
  
  临时关闭:
  
  setenforce 0
对于大华的摄像头需要特别注意

/etc/vsftpd.conf 必须配置：chroot_local_user=YES

是否将所有用户限制在主目录,YES为启用 NO禁用.(该项默认值是NO,即在安装vsftpd后不做配置的话，ftp用户是可以向上切换到要目录之外的)

注意，对于大华的摄像头，这个设定必须打开，否则测试将无法通过

关闭这个选项时，海康的摄像头能够成功测试，并且整个ftp功能是正常的。

vsftpd的配置到此结束
- 查看 vsftpd.service服务的状态:
  
  systemctl status vsftpd.service
- 关闭服务
  
  systemctl stop vsftpd.service
- 开启服务
  
  systemctl stop vsftpd.service
创建用户

森林防火项目，配置conda 和 python环境

有一个问题，opencv依赖的动态库 CentOS本地没有, 手动安装

sh
展开代码
yum install libSM-1.2.2-2.el7.x86_64 --setopt=protected_multilib=false
yum install libXrender-0.9.10-1.el7.x86_64 --setopt=protected_multilib=false
yum install libXext.x86_64 --setopt=protected_multilib=false

如果需要Nginx

一般配置了ftp, 都需要通过网络可以访问到这些静态的文件，用nginx做是比较好的选择

Nginx可以源码编译安装，也有centos package安装

yum包管理器安装 https://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html#RHEL-CentOS
1. 安装依赖 Install the prerequisites:
  
  sudo yum install yum-utils
2. 配置Nginx的远程包仓库
  
  To set up the yum repository, create the file named /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo with the following contents:
```
展开代码
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true

[nginx-mainline]
name=nginx mainline repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true
```
通常用默认的stable源就可以了，如果需要nginx主线上的版本，用如下的命令配置 yum

By default, the repository for stable nginx packages is used. If you would like to use mainline nginx packages, run the following command:
```
展开代码
sudo yum-config-manager --enable nginx-mainline
```
安装Nginx

To install nginx, run the following command:
```
展开代码
sudo yum install nginx
```
When prompted to accept the GPG key, verify that the fingerprint matches 573B FD6B 3D8F BC64 1079 A6AB ABF5 BD82 7BD9 BF62, and if so, accept it.

如果有要求接受GPG秘钥，就接受。

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 配置

最简单的配置

shell
展开代码
# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  _;
        root  /;
        location /images/{
            alias  /home/detector/output/;
            index index.html;
            autoindex on;
        }
    }

运行 Nginx

因为用包管理器安装，Nginx已经在我们的shell环境变量中了，可以直接调用，如果是编译安装的，记得把编译时写的--prefix 安装路径放到环境变量中
- 校验配置文件是否正确
  
  nginx -t
- 启动nginx
  
  nginx
- 运行时重新导入配置
  
  nginx -s reload
- 关闭Nginx
  
  nginx -s stop

附录

shell
展开代码
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=220
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
reverse_lookup_enable=NO

目录

步骤

重要： 必须要把整个防火墙都关掉

附录

重要：必须要把整个防火墙都关掉